Does your dog have allergies? If so, your conventional veterinarian may offer you a popular allergy drug called Apoquel®.
It’s touted as “a fast-acting and safe treatment for the control of acute and chronic canine pruritus.”
Pruritus means itching … and if you’ve got an itchy dog you’re probably desperate to make your dog more comfortable. Apoquel is said to ease your dog’s itching in as little as 4 to 24 hours. And dog owners report that it does relieve their dogs’ itching.
Sounds like something you might want to try, right?
Well, not so fast …
Before you expose your dog to the risks associated with this drug, read on. And if your dog is already on Apoquel you’ll probably want to stop the drug as soon as you can, once you find out how it demolishes essential parts of your dog’s internal disease fighting systems.
Allergies And The Immune System
An allergy is an exaggerated and inappropriate response of the immune system. Imagine a young child with a peanut allergy. All his friends are eating Reeses Peanut Butter Cups. Where’s the problem? Is it the peanut or that one child’s immune system response?
Conventional medicine loves to suppress symptoms.
Suppressing can be defined as getting rid of the symptoms without helping the body to rid itself of the illness or disease. So if allergies are an improper response of the immune system, what are the kinds of drugs that have typically been used to suppress and destroy that same immune system?
The History Of Dog Allergy Drugs
First came prednisolone, prednisone and other steroids, which work by suppressing the functioning of the immune system.
Then, when allergic dogs stopped responding to steroids, veterinarians started using Atopica (cyclosporine). Cyclosporine was initially developed to prevent organ transplant rejections in humans. It works by suppressing the immune system so that the patient doesn’t reject the transplanted organ.
And then they started using it for dogs with allergies. Atopica has a devastating and destructive effect on the immune system.
Atopica is still harming dogs today. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has 17 pages of adverse effects that have been reported for oral use of Atopica (cyclosporine) in dogs!
And now, there’s another drug called Apoquel® (oclacitinib maleate) that suppresses your dog’s immune system in a different way.
Read on to learn what it does.
What is Apoquel For Your Dog And How Does It Work?
Apoquelaffects kinases. Kinases are important signaling compounds that the body’s cells use to communicate with each other.
In the 1980s, an Australian chemist discovered some new ones, known as JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TKY2.
JAK initially stood for Just Another Kinase but was later renamed Janus Kinase.
JAKs are key elements in controlling both growth and development. These particular JAKs do the work of:
- Policing the body against tumor formation
- Controlling body growth and development
- Forming white and red blood cells
- Providing immunity with proper functioning of your dog’s antibody-producing cells (B cells) and the “policing” cells (T-cells)
- Regulating inflammatory response
Recognizing the epidemic of dogs with allergies, pharmaceutical companies saw the opportunity to create a drug would stop these JAKs in their tracks.
They sure succeeded.
Oclacitinib maleate, under the brand name Apoquel®, is a Janus kinase inhibitor. That means it stops JAKs from doing their job.
Apoquel Stops Life-Sustaining JAKs
Apoquel’smechanism is to interrupt JAKs and prevent them from working.
Without JAKs your dog’s immune system, along with other systems, cannot function correctly.
JAK1 is vital for the constant surveillance within your dog’s body to find and destroy abnormal cells that have become cancerous before they form tumors.
JAK1 also is an imperative messenger necessary for destroying invading parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses.
JAK2 is central to the production of bone marrow stem cells that then become red and white blood cells and platelets.
Your dog’s antibody system (B cells) and its killer-cell system (T cells) need JAK3 in order to work well.
These JAKs all talk to each other and share information to keep your dog’s body healthy. So you can see that by preventing JAKs from working, Apoquel seriously undermines your dog’s immune system.
What The Research Says
“There were no fatalities and no abnormal health events that necessitated hospitalization in either the study phase [day 0–7 (+3 days)] or the continuation phase [day 8–28 (±20 days)] of the study. Given that the majority of dogs in the placebo group withdrew after the completion of the study phase, the incidence of abnormal clinical signs was similar in both groups (Table 3).”
o, it seems from these comments and Table 3 showing adverse effects that the drug is fairly safe – but did you notice the duration of the study? That’s right – only 7 days!
There was a “continuation phase” after the 7 day study period, from 8 to 30 days. The researchers report:
“Six dogs (four oclacitinib and two placebo group) were withdrawn from the study during the continuation phase for abnormal health events. Abnormal health events were reported in 11 of 179 oclacitinib-treated dogs post-study. These were as follows: diarrhoea (four dogs; severe enough to warrant cessation of treatment in one dog); vomiting (four dogs); fever, lethargy and cystitis (one dog); an inflamed footpad and vomiting (one dog); and diarrhoea, vomiting and lethargy (one dog).”
So about 6% of dogs tested had abnormal health events. That doesn’t seem very high.
But that was only for 30 days!
If your dog takes this drug, he could be on it for years!
Years when his immune system will be compromised by the drug – because that’s how it works!
And although the manufacturer quotes a study that says it is safe for long term use, the study results say something different. Here are some of the serious side effects:
- One dog was euthanized after developing abdominal ascites and pleural effusion of unknown etiology after 450 days of APOQUEL administration.
- Six dogs were euthanized because of suspected malignant neoplasms.
- Two dogs each developed a Grade II mast cell tumor after 52 and 91 days.
- One dog developed low grade B-cell lymphoma after 392 days.
- Two dogs each developed an apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (one dermal, one anal sac) after approximately 210 and 320 days.
- One dog developed a low grade oral spindle cell sarcoma after 320 days.
Is it worth the risk? I don’t think so.
Does Age Matter?
The manufacturer has limited Apoquel for use only in dogs over 12 months old.
That’s because, when they conducted “margin of safety” studies on 6 and 12 month old dogs, they had to discontinue the study for 6-month old dogs when the dogs developed bacterial pneumonia and demodectic mange infections!
Here’s the warning on the company’s website:In the margin of safety study on 12-month old dogs, some of the symptoms that were considered likely to be related to Apoquel included:
Papillomas (warts)
Interdigital furunculosis (cysts) with related dermatitis symptoms (local alopecia, erythema, abrasions, scabbing/crusts)
Edema of feet
Pneumonia
Lymphadenopathy (abnormal or swollen lymph nodes) in peripheral nodes
Yes, you read right … the side effects include various types of skin disease in dogs who are being treated for allergies!
The drug was also found to lower white and red blood cell count and affect certain types of lymphatic tissue and lymph nodes as well as bone marrow.
Lastly, here is the letter written by the FDA to the pharmaceutical company that makes Apoquel:
Case Closed!
https://www.fda.gov/media/113909/download?fbclid=IwAR1u8H2cW9yuUI7dSq_D7Kis8RXXi56yEsz953o5v2oWcw9yKRPAxICQeTY#:~:text=Do%20not%20use%20APOQUEL%20in,existing%20cancers%20to%20get%20worse